Research in Biological and Carbohydrate Chemistry includes the study of the structures and functions of proteins and complex carbohydrates to determine their roles in growth and development, host-pathogen interactions, and disease processes. To investigate their chemistry and their physiological, developmental, and molecular biology, these research groups develop and use advanced analytical techniques, including mass spectrometry, NMR, EPR, and Raman spectroscopies, chemical and enzymatic synthesis, computer modeling, artificial neural networks, tissue culture, immunocytochemistry, and recombinant genetics.